Integrated CircuitsClassification, chip size and circuit complexity, basic information of Op-amp, ideal and practical Op-amp, internal circuits, Op-amp characteristics DC and AC characteristics, 741 Op-amp and its features.Op-amp ApplicationsBasic application of Op-amp, instrumentation amplifier, ac amplifier, V to I and I to V converters, Op-amp circuits using diodes, sample & hold circuits, log & antilog amplifiers, multipliers and dividers, differentiators and integrators, comparators, Schmitt trigger, multivibrators, introduction to voltage regulators, festures of 723.Active Filters & Oscillators and Waveform GeneratorsButterworth filters-1st order, 2nd order LPF, HPF filters, band pass, band reject and all pass filters. Oscillator types and principle of operation-RC, Wien and quadrature type, waveform generators-triangular, swatooth, square wave and VCO.Timers & Phase Locked Loops555 timer, functional diagram, monostable and astable operations and applications, Schmitt trigger. PLL-introduction, block schematic, principles and description of individual blocks, 565 PLL, Applications of PLL-frequency multiplication, frequency translation, AM, FM & FSK demodulators.D to A & A to D ConvertersBasic DAC techniques, weighted resistor DAC, R-2R ladder DAC, inverted R-2R DAC, and IC 1408 DAC, different types of ADCs-parallel comparator type ADC, counter type ADC, successive approximation ADC and dual slope ADC. DAC and ADC specifications.